Thursday 2 June 2016



Глаголски вид

Свршени (perfective) и несвршени (imperfective) глаголи


*The imperfective aspect (несвршени вид) indicates that the action or state expressed by the verb may be of unlimited duration, may still be in progress, or may be a repetitive, habitual action.


Пијем млеко сваки дан.
Редовно читам новине.


Imperfective verbs are generally used in the present tense. They can also be used in the past tense if the action lasted for a longer period of time or was repetitive.


Јуче је био код нас и пио је чај. 
Некада је пио чај сваки дан, а сада пије кафу. 




*The perfective aspect (свршени вид) indicates that the action or state expressed by the verb is completed or of limited duration and is perceived as a completed whole. Perfective verbs are generally used in the past tense or the future tense (or the infinitive).


Појео сам цео сендвич. (јести, појести)
Прочитала сам добру књигу. (читати, прочитати)


If we want to express something about the present: The perfective verbs cannot be used in the present tense to express present action, but only to describe a subject’s desire in the present to carry out an action that is to be completed in the future. In the present they are used after the conjunctions да (that/to), што (that/to), ако (if), кад (when).


Хоћу да попијем кафу.
Хоћу да прочитам ову књигу.





*Some of the pairs:

јести - појести
пити - попити
гледати - погледати
седети - сести
волети - заволети
читати - прочитати
свирати - одсвирати
писати - написати
oблачити - обући
(облачим) - (обучем)

*Some verbs have one form that can express both aspects depending on the context:

видети
чути (hear)
доручковати
ручати
вечерати
ићи

*Others express only the imperfective aspect:

бити
имати
држати
морати
становати

*Some verbs form an aspectual pair with a completely different verb:

Perfective рећи/казати
Imperfective говорити

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